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Evaluation of Physical and Chemical Parameters of Still Less Exploited Species of Small Fruit and Proposal of a New Soft Drink from this Fruit
Cetkovská, Jitka ; Krška,, Boris (referee) ; Barták,, Petr (referee) ; Omelková, Jiřina (advisor)
This thesis deals with still less expolited species of small fruit, evaluation of its physical and chemical parameters and proposal of a new soft drink from one of the studied species of furit. Firstly, for the characterisation of basic nutrition parameters (dry matter, content of organic acids and saccharides) and biologicaly active substances (vitamin C, anthocyanins and phenolic compounds) suitable titration, spectrophotometric, chromatographic and electrophoretic methods were chosen, optimized and validated. The sample preparation procedure was optimized as well. For three years (2010–2012) the content of listed parameters was monitored in some cultivars of five species of small fruit: in seven cultivars of sea buckthorn, in ten cultivars of cornelian cherry, in twelve cultivars of rowanberry, in two cultivars of chokeberry and in seventeen cultivars of elderberry. By means of Duncan’s test, analysis of principal components (PCA) and cluster analysis (CLU) the main differences between studied cultivars were observed mainly in sea buckthorn and rowanberry, where single cultivars were easily distinguishable from others on the basis of genetic origin. On the basis of comparison of determined parameters in studied species of fruit and with collaboration with fruit processing company the suitable species of fruit for commercial utilization was chosen – elderberry, as a important source of anthocyanins and phenolic compounds. A new soft drink as a proposal of utilization of this fruit was created – fruit juice or nectar with portion of elderberry juice. Mixed juices and nectars with various composition were prepared from elderberry and grape juice and the sensory analysis of these drinks was performed. The best evaluated were 100% fruit juices prepared with 30–50% portion of elderberry juice. The composition was jurally protected. On the basis of this protection the product consisted from 100% fruit juice with 10% of elderberry component mixed with apple and grape juice was introduced to the market by the fruit processing company.
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Inventarizace výskytu jeřábu ptačího (Sorbus aucuparia L.) ve vybraných porostech Moravskoslezských Beskyd (revír Baraní)
Kaděrka, Josef
This bachelor thesis is focused on the inventory of rowan (Sorbus aucuparia L.) in selected forest stands of the Moravian-Silesian Beskydy. The inventory was carried out in the bishop's forests of the Ostrava-Opava Diocese in the cadastral district of Bílá. The expanse of the inventory area is 191.58 hectares. Altogether 60 stands were inventoried in three departments. Sample plots were selected in each stand. Both rowan and maternal stand trees were counted and measured on individual plots. At the three selected plots, in addition to the height of the rowan, the diameter of the root collar was measured, the number of game damage was determined, and their age was identified in the laboratory. The obtained data were analyzed in Excel. The average number of rowans per hectare is 2854. In the height structure, most individuals are within 20 centimetres and 21 to 50 centimetres. In most stands, the percentage of spruce exceeded 50%. The average age of individuals from natural regeneration is 5.5 years and each individual has been on average 4.5 times damaged by game.
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Jeřáb ptačí jako krajinotvorný prvek v NPR Praděd (CHKO Jeseníky)
Remešová, Miroslava
The present thesis explores the mountain ash population in a selected part of Praděd National Nature Reserve, hunting grounds of Karlov and Malá Morávka. The research was carried out in an area of 665 ha, in elevations ranging from 950–1463.7 metres. The structure of the adult population of the mountain ash (generative organs, thickness and height structure) was described, the density of its rejuvenation was assessed focusing on the quantification of damages due to browsing. The results imply that the area is populated by a sufficient number of specimens that are capable of generative reproduction, as well as by a sufficient number of seedlings which do not grow up due to browsing. A management of the mountain ash population was suggested, aiming at the maximum use of the high population of natural rejuvenation. The thesis also deals with the assessment of the area landscape character. The projected landscaping in the locality of Ovčárna uses the mountain ash as a landscape-forming element.
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Rozsah, postavení a odrůstání jeřábu ptačího (Sorbus aucuparia L.) v Krkonošském národním parku
Koulová, Ladislava
The work was developed on the territory of the Giant Mountains National Park. The main objective was to determine the extent and the growth of bird crane in all levels for the whole NP. The measurements were carried out in the selected area of Horní Maršov, where several dozens of stands were visited and the JR was measured and registered. The game damage, height, thickness, position in the stand, representation and impact of the crane occurrence were evaluated. At the same time a detailed analysis of the crane output in the stands was carried out. of the KRNAP and the interest LHC. The crane is mainly found in lighted hedges, in pots and in places where there is no high pressure from the boar. There was no detectable difference in the growth in acidic and rich habitats. In dark SM cultures and BK stands, the recovery of JR does not occur. On the first floor there are cranes under SM stands in combination with BR and SM raids, some locations also show BK. In these phases, the crane is strongly attacked by animals that reduce growth and vitality. At a height of 3 meters, the JR is already grown for the game, reaching the second level. In the third floor there are already grown individuals. The Forest Economic Analysis analysis showed that crane representation is higher than the available literature. This may be due to purposeful management and accidental mining. The results of the in-depth investigation continue to indicate that the crane as a pioneering tree is alternated by spruce and beech within a large development cycle.
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Studium antioxidační kapacity vybraných druhů drobného ovoce
Hromadová, Hana
The bachelor Studies of antioxidant capacity of selected species of small fruit was drafted in the years 2015-2016 at the Institute of Post-Harvest Technology of Horticultural Products of Horticultural Faculty, Mendel University in Brno. The aim of the study was to characterize antioxidant substances and their effects on human health. Further to describe the ingredients with antioxidation effect in fruit of selected species of small fruit. Based on laboratory experiments to verify experimentally antioxidant capacity of selected species of small fruit. It was observed a total of 13 varieties, including 4 species, Cornus mas, Sorbus acuparia, Hippophae rhamnoides and Lonicera caerulea var. kamtschatica. To evaluate the antioxidant capacity were chosen FRAP and DPPH methods.
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Výskyt jmelí bílého (Viscum album) ve Frýdku-Místku
Kovalčík, Lukáš
The literary research which includes description of European mistletoe (Viscum album) was written according to available literature. It engages in botanical characteristics, morphological signs and physiology of mistletoe. There are also described the ways of dissemination of mistletoe, sorting of woody plants by their resistance to this hemiparasite. The next part of the thesis summarizes the damage caused by mistletoe, possible protection, and types of treatment of affected trees. Three localities in the city of Frýdek-Místek where woody plants, which are heavily affected by European mistletoe, occur were chosen for practical evaluation. There are these woody plants species present: Canadian popler (Populus x canadensis), small-leaved lime (Tilia cordata) and rowen (Sorbus aucuparia). During the research, the oldest mistletoe specimen was detected to be 20 years old. Differences between achievable ages of a hemiparasite and a host plant can be the cause, why affection by mistletoe leads to death of a host plant. The lowest age when mistletoe starts to affect woody plants is species specific and is between 11 and 30 years. Knowledge of this lowest age is important for determination of the time to start monitoring these trees.
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Evaluation of Physical and Chemical Parameters of Still Less Exploited Species of Small Fruit and Proposal of a New Soft Drink from this Fruit
Cetkovská, Jitka ; Krška,, Boris (referee) ; Barták,, Petr (referee) ; Omelková, Jiřina (advisor)
This thesis deals with still less expolited species of small fruit, evaluation of its physical and chemical parameters and proposal of a new soft drink from one of the studied species of furit. Firstly, for the characterisation of basic nutrition parameters (dry matter, content of organic acids and saccharides) and biologicaly active substances (vitamin C, anthocyanins and phenolic compounds) suitable titration, spectrophotometric, chromatographic and electrophoretic methods were chosen, optimized and validated. The sample preparation procedure was optimized as well. For three years (2010–2012) the content of listed parameters was monitored in some cultivars of five species of small fruit: in seven cultivars of sea buckthorn, in ten cultivars of cornelian cherry, in twelve cultivars of rowanberry, in two cultivars of chokeberry and in seventeen cultivars of elderberry. By means of Duncan’s test, analysis of principal components (PCA) and cluster analysis (CLU) the main differences between studied cultivars were observed mainly in sea buckthorn and rowanberry, where single cultivars were easily distinguishable from others on the basis of genetic origin. On the basis of comparison of determined parameters in studied species of fruit and with collaboration with fruit processing company the suitable species of fruit for commercial utilization was chosen – elderberry, as a important source of anthocyanins and phenolic compounds. A new soft drink as a proposal of utilization of this fruit was created – fruit juice or nectar with portion of elderberry juice. Mixed juices and nectars with various composition were prepared from elderberry and grape juice and the sensory analysis of these drinks was performed. The best evaluated were 100% fruit juices prepared with 30–50% portion of elderberry juice. The composition was jurally protected. On the basis of this protection the product consisted from 100% fruit juice with 10% of elderberry component mixed with apple and grape juice was introduced to the market by the fruit processing company.
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Growth and mortality of natural regeneration after dieback of tree layer of mountain spruce forest
Červený, Jan ; Bače, Radek (advisor) ; Synek, Michal (referee)
The aim of this study is to assess the state of the natural generalization after the death of the upper tree layer in the mountain spruce forest, based on data acquired on permanent research area (50x50 m) where the collection of the data is in progress since 2006 in the area Trojmezná. These areas were damaged by hurricane Kyrill and afterwards bark beetle calamity in 2008. In these areas were defined squares of size 5x5m and they were divided into cells 0,5x0,5m and these shelf is recorded every individual, the increment, health and microhabitat. By the analysis which was carried out, was found, that woody representation is not different from the representation of upper tree layer, the number of spruce is 97% and 3% of the crane. Most individuals were caught before the disturbances, the youngest individuals germinated in 2006. Higher individuals achieve higher gains than smaller individuals, it means that the heterogeneity of the height structure is increasing. Based on analysis of mortality individual squares (50x50m) was found that after the disturbance on TVP new places without trees were not formed. The dependence of mortality on frequency of individuals in the cells (0,5x 0,5m) has not been demonstrated. That means that mortality of individuals at intraspecific competition is yet significantly independent, although abundance exceeded 17 individuals per cell. Eight years after disturbance is mortality very low. The highest regeneration grows up to 20 cm per year.
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Přeměna porostů náhradních dřevin jeřábu ptačího na ekologicky výhodnější dřevinou skladbu
Holata, Filip
The aim of my diploma thesis was to evaluate growth of underplanted beech, silver fir and Norway spruce on salvage clearings covered by rowan. The second aim of the thesis was to develop the most suitable techniques for vegetation reconstruction. 19 plots were evaluated and the results of rowan underplantings were compared among each other. Results of plots with beech underplantings show that plots with low rowan stocking level (0 - 2) have the best growth dynamics. Between stocking 3 - 5 the results of beech growth dynamics are still acceptable, but from stocking 6 the growth dynamics of beech is not favourable anymore. Norway spruce growth dynamic is the best with low stocking of rowan (0 - 2). Higher rowan stocking causes serious reduction in growth dynamics. Divergence of rowan stocking does not cause losses of underplanted trees. Fir areas were measured and assessed but could not be statistically evaluated because of insufficient number of plots.
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